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There are two simple past tenses in Spanish: the “pretérito” and the “imperfecto.”
The “pretérito” is used to express an action that has been completed in a definite moment of the past.
How to conjugate the pretérito of regular verbs
| ... ar | ... er | ... ir | ||
| visitar | comprender | describir | ||
| yo visité | comprendí | describí | ||
| tú visitaste | comprendiste | describiste | ||
| Ud. visitó | comprendió | describió | ||
| él visitó | comprendió | describió | ||
| ella visitó | comprendió | describió | ||
| Nos. visitamos | comprendimos | describimos | ||
| Vos. visitásteis | comprendísteis | describísteis | ||
| Uds. visitaron | comprendieron | describieron |
| yo no canté | yo no leí | yo no insistí | ||
| ella no cocinó | Ud. no bebió | él no pidió | ||
| ellos no prepararon | tú no comiste | vos. no recibís |
| ¿viajaste tú? | ¿comiste tú? | ¿viviste tú? | ||
| ¿prepararon ellas...? | ¿qué leíste ayer? | ¿con quién discutió él? |
The imperfect tense is used to describe actions that are repeated or habitual in the past.
We could represent an action in “imperfecto” as a continuous line in the past:
something like this:
How to conjugate the “imperfecto” of regular verbs.
| ... ar > ... aba | ... er and ... ir | > ... ía | |
| cantar | leer | escribir | |
| yo cantaba | leía | escribía | |
| tú cantabas | leías | escribías | |
| usted cantaba | leía | escribía | |
| él cantaba | leía | escribía | |
| ella cantaba | leía | escribía | |
| nosotros cantábamos | leíamos | escribíamos | |
| vosotros cantabais | leíais | escribíais | |
| ustedes cantaban | leían | escribían | |
| ellos cantaban | leían | escribían |
Contrast between “pretérito” and “imperfecto” in the same sentence.
When we want to describe several actions in the past tense and want to use the “pretérito” and the “imperfecto” correctly, we can use a hint: which action occurred first?
What was first?: traía flores
On arriving there she found someone at the site: encontró allí a. . . .
What was first? traía flores
What did she find: encontró allí. . . .
What was first, finding someone or the fact that this person was taking pictures?: que tomaba fotos. The woman was already taking pictures when Angela found her.
First: Fernando creía que Rosario había muerto en la. . . . Second: when he receives and reads Mrs. Suárez’s letter: se dio cuenta de. . . .
If the imperfect could be represented as an horizontal line like this one:
the “pretérito” could be thought as a vertical line that interrupts the horizontal action
and the resulting graphic could be like this one:

(First: we were reading nosotros leíamos
(Second: the telephone rang el teléfono sonó.