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The Imperative Mood is the form used to give an order, to give advice or to beg for something. As we can address a person formally (usted) and informally (tú), we use two different commands forms when giving an order.
When using the imperative mood in a formal situation, the verb in Imperative ends as follows:
| ... ar | ... er | ... ir | ||
| Cante usted, por favor. | Lea esto. | Pida un café con crema. | ||
| Estudie el capítulo 8. | Comprenda, por favor. | Insista en hablar con él. | ||
| Prepare el informe. | Beba moderadamente. | Diga toda la verdad. |
In negative forms (or prohibitions) the formal Imperative endings remain as above:
| No cante usted. | No lea esto. | No pida café con crema. | ||
| No estudie el capítulo 8. | No comprenda si no quiere. | No insista en hablarle. | ||
| No prepare el informe hoy. | No beba. | No diga nada. |
In the informal imperative the verbs ending in “ar” keep the Indicative third singular person ending form “a”.
| habla tú | explica tú | |
| canta | enseña | |
| escucha | dibuja | |
| estudia | prepara | |
| trabaja | lava | |
| espera | baña |
Verbs ending in “er” and “ir” also keep their Indicative third-singular person ending form “e” in the informal imperativo.
| ... er | ... ir | |||
| lee tú | insiste tú | repite | ||
| come | vive | oye | ||
| bebe | sirve | dí | ||
| mete | se | |||
| comprende | pide | |||
Ejemplos:
| Informal Command | Formal command | |||
| Conocer | conoce tú | conozca usted | ||
| Dar | da | dé | ||
| Decir | di | diga | ||
| Hacer | haz | haga | ||
| Ir | ve | vaya | ||
| Oír | oye | oiga | ||
| Pensar | piensa | piense | ||
| Poner | pon | ponga | ||
| Saber | sabe | sepa | ||
| Salir | sal | salga | ||
| Ser | se | sea | ||
| Tener | ten | tenga | ||
| Traer | trae | traiga | ||
| Venir | ven | venga | ||
| Ver | ve | vea |