Unit 5
Same-sex Sexualities

Unit 5 examines one of the most controversial topics in the study of human sexuality. Historically, North American society has had a negative bias about homosexuality, and until very recently, sexual attraction between people of the same sex was considered to be an illness, a sin, or a crime. Although homosexuality is now considered a normal variation in the development of an individual's sexuality, homosexuals in North American society remain a minority, and many still face significant social, religious, and legal prejudices. Coping and coming to terms with society's attitudes toward them, and developing positive feelings about their own sexuality are prevailing problems for gay and lesbian people.

Accepting that one is gay or lesbian, finding a supportive social community, and establishing untroubled intimate relationships are all part of the “coming out” process for gay and lesbian people. This process may also involve understanding the causes of homophobia and heterosexism, and acknowledging the myths and stereotypes mainstream society has about gay and lesbian people. Coming out might also involve disclosing one's homosexuality to one's parents and other family members, and then helping them to cope with the outcomes. Although gays and lesbians are as diverse as heterosexuals, there is an identifiable gay and lesbian subculture within North American society that provides a touchstone to the unique history, experience, and community of which the gay and lesbian identity is part.

Objectives

When you have completed the study activities for Unit 5, you should be able to

1. critically examine mainstream myths and stereotypes about people who are gay and lesbian.
2. discuss current controversies in the study of sexual orientation.
3. discuss the complex personal and cultural implications of having a same-sex sexual orientation.
4. demonstrate an understanding of the role culture and community plays in the lives of gay and lesbian people.
5. define the term “homosexuality” as it is used by mental health associations.
6. identify the heterosexual assumption, and provide an example of it from everyday life.
7. explain the purpose of the coming out process.
8. discuss the link between gender roles and sexual orientation in North American culture.
9. define “homophobia” and “heterosexism,” and explain how they are related.
10. critically discuss the various cultural explanations of homosexuality.
11. critically discuss the various biological explanations of homosexuality.
12. describe ways in which other cultures define sexual orientation and gender roles.