Unit 2
History of Archaeological Research in Alberta

This unit describes the history of the development of archaeological research in Alberta from the late 1800s until approximately 1980. Although systematic archaeological research in Alberta is a relatively recent development (post- World War II), scores of dedicated professional and avocational archaeologists have applied their enthusiasm and knowledge to the recording, collection, and study of Alberta’s archaeological sites and artifacts. Major trends in the focus and nature of archaeological work in Alberta are described and discussed.

Learning Objectives

When you have completed this unit, you should be able to

1. describe and evaluate the goals and methods of archaeological research in Alberta prior to 1955.
2. describe the first archaeological investigations conducted by Americans in the 1920s and 1930s.
3. describe the involvement of the Glenbow Foundation in Alberta archaeology from 1955 to 1964.
4. define the direct historic approach, and evaluate its contribution to our understanding of Alberta prehistory.
5. compare and contrast the investigations of Boyd Wettlaufer and Richard Forbis at Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump.
6. describe the sequence of archaeological explorations in the Boreal Forest (Subarctic).
7. describe the impact of the University of Alberta and the University of Calgary on archaeological research in Alberta.
8. briefly describe the contents of the Historic Resources Act, and discuss its implications for the conservation of heritage resources in Alberta.
9. describe some of the contributions amateur archaeologists have made to Alberta archaeology.
10. describe the five categories of “users” of archaeological resources, and discuss the ethical conflicts associated with each group.
11. discuss the implications of regarding archaeological artifacts and sites as a natural resource.