Unit 8
Communication and Cognition

In this unit, we survey the social and nonsocial cognitive abilities of primates. We begin with a definition of the concepts of cognition and communication, and then proceed to consider the different means of communication primates use in their natural habitats. Next, we examine studies of artificial language among apes, particularly attempts to teach apes to use sign language. We then explore the concepts of cognition and deception among primates, along with their environmental correlates and evolution. We end this unit with a discussion of the concept of intelligence in cross-cultural perspective.

Objectives

When you have completed Unit 8, you should be able to

1. define the concepts communication and cognition.
2. name and define the four basic components of communication.
3. explain the advantages and disadvantages of each form of communication.
4. explain how vocal communication in primates differs from human language.
5. explain the arguments for and against the validity of sign language studies among primates.
6. explain the two hypotheses for the origins of cognitive skills in primates, and provide evidence for and against each hypothesis.
7. explain the concept of the theory of mind.

Viewing Assignment

If you wish to complete your next viewing assignment now, you may choose either The New Chimpanzees, listed in Unit 7, or the video identified below.

Zeller, Anne

1997 Primate/Human Interactions. Watertown, MA: Documentary Educational Resources.

This short video presents many examples of visual communication and body language used by primates in their interactions with humans. It can also serve as a basis for a discussion on the general relationships between humans and primates from a conservation perspective.

If you choose this video, then in preparation for the examination, be certain that you can answer the questions given below.

1. What behaviours suggest nervousness and ambivalence among baboons?
2. How do blue monkeys use the environment to reduce anxiety?
3. What are eyelid flickers, and what is their function?
4. What typical behaviours between humans and primates are more likely to result in flight or aggression on the part of the primates?
5. What is the best way to communicate amiable intentions towards primates? Why?

Note: Once you have completed the viewing assignment to your satisfaction, please return the video to the Athabasca University Library as soon as possible: the number of copies is limited, and other students will need it. Remember, too, to submit your request for the video for your next viewing assignment—see pages 111-112 in Unit 9 of the Study Guide.