Unit 7
Play Behaviour and Social Learning

In this unit, we examine infant development through play behaviour and its possible evolutionary significance. We then explore the differences in play behaviour across species and between the sexes. We also look at the social significance of play behaviour, and consider its relevance to another important aspect of development among primates: social learning.

Objectives

When you have completed Unit 7, you should be able to

1. name and explain the behavioural characteristics that distinguish play from other behaviours.
2. describe the different types of play behaviour found among primates.
3. explain the functions of social play and nonsocial play.
4. define and explain the costs and benefits of play.
5. explain the proximate and ultimate causes of the decline in play at the juvenile stage.
6. describe the factors that might affect sex differences in play.
7. discuss the possible advantages of play as a form of social learning.
8. discuss the forms of social learning and their importance for primates.

Viewing Assignment

If you wish to complete your next viewing assignment now, you may choose one of the videos listed in Unit 6, or the video identified below.

Haanstra, Bert.

n.d. The Family of Chimps. New York: Filmmakers Library.

This video features the best known group of captive chimpanzee in the world. All features of chimpanzee social behaviour are presented, but the focus is on group interaction, social learning, and problem solving abilities.

If you choose this video, then in preparation for the examination, be certain that you can answer the questions given below.

1. Provide examples of variations in behaviour between group members.
2. Provide examples of social learning.
3. What kinds of tools are used, and what are they used for?
4. Provide examples of problem solving.
5. Describe infant development and the role of alloparenting.
6. Describe individual rearing styles of play behaviour and mothering.
7. What is a play face? How is it done?
8. What behaviours indicate close bonds between males?
9. How and why do males cooperate with each other?
10. Provide examples of body language among chimpanzees.

Note: Once you have completed the viewing assignment to your satisfaction, please return the video to the Athabasca University Library as soon as possible: the number of copies is limited, and other students will need it. Remember, too, to submit your request for the video for your next viewing assignment—see pages 97-99 in Unit 8 of the Study Guide.